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The visual and vestibular systems work in tight coordination to keep the world stable as we move through it. When this integrated system is disrupted, whether through peripheral vestibular hypofunction or after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), patients commonly experience dizziness, blurred vision, difficulty reading, visual fatigue, and challenges with balance. Although some rehabilitation programs for these conditions may appear similar on the surface, the underlying mechani

Optokinetic stimulation (OKS) is an important tool in this context. OKS consists of exposure to large‑field moving visual stimuli, introducing controlled visual motion that creates a sensory conflict. This conflict forces the brain to reweight sensory information and reveals how effectively visual and vestibular signals are integrated.

Balance disorders, often overlooked and misunderstood, can have a profound impact on an individual's daily life, making even simple tasks...